The Global Trots

Uttar Pradesh is one of the states that aesthetically characterises India and its long, rich history. This is the land wherein great sages have arisen, religions developed and two great epics of India: Ramayana and Mahabharata have been inspired from. There are numerous places to visit in this area that arouse the interest of every traveller and exhibit every shade of Indian ethnicity.

1. Agra – The Capital of The Mughals

Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and it is renowned for being home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World, Taj Mahal. It is situated on the banks of the River Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Agra is included on the popular Golden Triangle circuit for tourists along with Delhi and Jaipur; and the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc along with Lucknow and Varanasi.

Agra was first mentioned in the Indian mythic text Mahabharata as Agrevana which means the border of the forest. But it rose to prominence for the first time when Sultan Sikandar Lodi moved his capital from Delhi to Agra in 1504. After his death in 1517, his son Ibrahim Lodi ruled the city, until his defeat in the first battle of Panipat by Babur, the first Mughal Emperor of India, in 1526. 

Agra remained the capital of the Mughal Empire until 1658 and this was the golden age for the city where architecture, art and culture added a new dimension to Agra’s personality. Under the Mughal reign Agra was ruled by great Emperor Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan and then was known as Akbarabad.  In 1637, Shah Jahan shifted his capital from Agra to Delhi. With the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, the control of the city first went at the hands of the Marathas where Akbarabad has again become Agra, and later to the East India Company.  

The Taj Mahal and Agra fort were listed on UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1983. Apart from its monuments, Agra is best known for its pedhas, petha, gajak and dalmoth. It is also known for its marble artifacts and number of souvenirs which are available to buy from the Kinari Bazaar or Sadar Bazaar.

Taj Mahotsav is the major festival which is organized by the department of Tourism every year in the month of February. Besides this, Taj Literature Festival and Ram Barat are the other major festivals in Agra.

Agra is well-connected by Airway, Railway and Roadway with most parts of the country. Agra’s Kheria Airport is the nearest airport from the heart of the city at a distance of 12.5 km. Agra Cantonment, Agra Fort, Idgah Agra Junction and Raja ki Mandi are four main railway stations in Agra, trains from most of the cities halt at one of these railway stations. The Gatimaan Express, India’s fastest train that runs between Delhi to Agra in 1 hour and 40 minutes is also an option for tourists. Agra can also be reached by road through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles from Delhi, Lucknow, Gwalior, Kanpur, Jaipur, Vrindavan and Mathura.

Agra is located around 36 km from Fatehpur Sikri, around 56 km from Bharatpur, around 57 km from Mathura, around 70 km from Vrindavan, around 90 km from Aligarh, around 120 km from Gwalior, around 219 km from Delhi, around 239 km from Jaipur, around 277 km from Kanpur, around 335 km from Lucknow, around 524 km from Prayagraj and around 643 km from Varanasi. The major tourist attractions of Agra are:-

2. Fatehpur Sikri – A unique blend of architectural brilliance

Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India which was founded by the greatest Mughal Emperor Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar in the year 1569. The town was constructed to honour Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chisti, who was residing in a cavern on the ridge at Sikri. Saint had divinely predicted to Akbar the birth of a Mughal heir who was named Salim in 1569 and later, he came to be known as Jahangir. 

Akbar shifted his capital to Sikri in 1571 and named the city as Fatehabad which was derived from persian word Fateh means Victory. The city had been capital of the Mughal Empire for fifteen years (from 1571 till 1585). In 1586, the capital was moved to Delhi because of acute shortage of water.

A beautiful walled city predominantly made of red sandstone, Fatehpur Sikri was designed with amalgamation of Indian, Persian and Islamic architecture. It was the first planned city of the Mughals. The city is encircled with a 6 km long wall on three sides that has seven gates. The structure was composed of beautiful places, chambers, mosques and royal courts.

Known as the “City of Victory’, Fatehpur Sikri was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986.

Agra’s Kheria Airport is the nearest airport to Fatehpur Sikri which is located at a distance of about 34 km. Fatehpur Sikri Railway Station and Agra Cantonment are the two nearest Railway Station from the city centre of Fatehpur Sikri. Fatehpur Sikri is a small railway station with lack of many facilities while Agra Cantonment station is the main railway station and well connected to all major cities of India. The road network to Fatehpur Sikri is also well laid, one can reach here through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles from Delhi, Lucknow, Gwalior, Kanpur, Jaipur, Vrindavan and Mathura.  

Fatehpur Sikri is located around 23 km from Bharatpur, around 36 km from Agra, around 63 km from Mathura, around 75 km from Vrindavan, around 116 km from Aligarh, around 144 km from Gwalior, around 206 km from Jaipur, around 227 km from Delhi, around 321 km from Kanpur and around 371 km from Lucknow. The major tourist attractions of Fatehpur Sikri are:-

3. Mathura – The birthplace of Lord Krishna

Mathura is an important pilgrimage site for followers of Hinduism that is known for its culture and heritage. It is believed to be the birthplace of Lord Krishna, the 8th incarnate of Lord Vishnu, who is also known as the ‘Poorna Purushottam’ or the complete god form. According to the Garuda Purana, Mathura is one amongst the seven sacred cities in India that is believed to grant moksha.

Nestled along the sacred Yamuna River in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Mathura has several temples and beautiful religious structures dating from different eras. Before the rise of Hinduism, the city was a Buddhist centre with 20 monasteries housing 3000 monks. The architecture and wide variety of available art are evidence of the rich history of Mathura.

The Yamuna River flows by 25 magnificent ghats which look spectacular at dawn. Numbers of pilgrims bathe in the sacred river, and just after sunset, during the time of the evening aarti, hundreds of diyas are floated onto the river.

Mathura has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) of the Indian government. In addition to its historical and religious sites, Mathura is renowned for its delectable cuisine, which includes Kachori, Aloo Puri, Jalebi, and Pede (a special sweetmeat which is made of over boiled milk).

There are numerous fairs and festivals that are celebrated in Mathura with pomp, but a huge influx of visitors swarm this place particularly during the festivals of Holi and Janmashtami. Holi is celebrated on the full moon day in the month of March and during this festival, people playfully fling colored powdered dye and also colored water on each other. Janmashtami is celebrated in the month of Aug/ Sept to commemorate the birth of Lord Krishna with great pomp and splendor.

Railway is the most convenient and affordable way of reaching Mathura. Mathura Junction is a major railway station of Central and Western Railways which is well connected by train with most of the major cities of India such as Delhi, Agra, Lucknow, Varanasi, Jaipur, etc. Agra Airport or the Kheria Air Force Station is the nearest airport to Mathura which is located at a distance of around 64 km away. However this is a domestic airport and the nearest International airport is the Indira Gandhi International airport in New Delhi, which is located at a distance of about 168 km and will take around 3 to 4 hours. This sacred city is well-connected by roads and highways from various cities and towns across Uttar Pradesh and its nearby states. One can easily reach desired destinations through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles. 

Mathura is located around 39 km from Bharatpur, around 49 km from Barsana, around 57 km from Agra, around 15 km from Vrindavan, around 66 km from Aligarh, around 161 km from Delhi, around 174 km from Gwalior, around 338 km from Kanpur, around 396 km from Lucknow, around 585 km from Prayagraj and around 704 km from Varanasi. The major tourist attractions of Mathura are:-

4. Vrindavan – Lord Krishna spent his Childhood along with his consort Radharani and Cowherd friends

Situated on the banks of Yamuna River in Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh, Vrindavan is one of sacred towns that has a very rich history connected to Lord Krishna. It is believed to be the location where Lord Krishna spent his entire childhood. The name of the town is formed from the words Vrinda which means Tulsi or the holy Basil and Van which means grove, probably refers to the two little groves at Nidhivan and Seva Kunj.  Nidhivan is believed to be a place where the Holy pair, Radha-Krishna rested, and Seva Kung is the place where Krishna performed Raaslila with Radha and the Gopis.

A great devotee of Lord Krishna, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is credited with rediscovering Vrindavan in 1515. Later, the place was developed by various kings of the region. The place is also one of the Shaktipeeths, named Bhuteshwar Mahadev. According to legend, this is where Devi Sati’s hair has fallen. 

Vrindavan has more than 5,000 temples that are completely devoted to Lord Krishna and his love for Radha. Along with temples, there are plenty of markets that have shops offering antique, wooden and brass goods, Radha Krishna idols, religious artifacts and their costumes and pictures in this holy town.

There are numerous of fairs and festivals that are celebrated throughout of year in the honor of deity Lord Krishna and his consort Sri Radha Rani, these include Holi, Janmashtami, Radha Ashtami, Govardhan Puja, Brahmotsava festival, Rath ka mela, etc. Tourists from all over the world come to this town during the Holi celebration.

Vrindavan does not have an airport of its own but the nearest airport to the city is Agra Airport or the Kheria Air Force Station at a distance of 88 km. However this is a domestic airport and the nearest International airport is the Indira Gandhi International airport in New Delhi, which is located at a distance of about 165 km and will take around 3 to 4 hours to reach Vrindavan. The city has a railway station but not all trains stop here. Mathura Junction Railway station is the nearest railway station, located at a distance of about 16 km from the centre of Vrindavan city. Once you get off at either of the Airports or Railway station, one can take a taxi/cab or bus to reach Vrindavan. Varindavan is also connected by roads and highways from various cities across Uttar Pradesh and its nearby states. One can easily reach Vrindavan via Mathura through state-run and private buses , Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles.

Vrindavan is located around 15 km from Mathura, around 42 km from Barsana, around 53 km from Bharatpur, around 70 km from Agra, around 68 km from Aligarh, around 140 km from Delhi, around 186 km from Gwalior, around 341 km from Kanpur, around 399 km from Lucknow, around 587 km from Prayagraj and around 707 km from Varanasi. The major tourist attractions of Vrindavan are:-

5. Lucknow – The city of Nawabs

Lucknow is the capital and the largest city of Uttar Pradesh which is quite famous for its etiquette and hospitality. It is situated on the Shore of Gomti River and along with Agra and Varanasi included on the Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc. This blissful city welcomes its visitors with a heartwarming note of” Smile, you are in Lucknow” (Muskuraiyein Kyunki aap Lucknow mein hai).  

The Mughal Gateway, Rumi Darwaza divides Lucknow into two parts, Old and New Lucknow. Old Lucknow is ancient and more crowded with bustling vibrant streets, delicious biriyani and kebab outlets, lakhnavi embroidery market, and the wholesale jewellery shops. New Lucknow, on the other hand, is Urban and is structurally planned with luxurious infrastructure, large boulevard, parks and shopping complexes.

It is believed that Lakshmana, brother of lord Rama laid the foundation of the city, which was then called Lakshmanapuri. Later, it came to be known as Lakhanpur and after that Lucknow.

The history of Lucknow dates back to the 14th century when it was part of the Awadh region. Thereafter, it became part of the Mughal Empire and flourished during the era of Nawabs as a cultural and artistic center. In 1856, Lucknow fell into the hands of the East India Company then transferred it to the British Raj. Along with the rest of India, Lucknow became independent from Britain in the year of 1947.

The capital city is blessed with several historical monuments, architectural wonders and Museums. The city is also well known for its intricate embroidery such as chikankari and zardosi work, Nawabi-style cuisine which includes biryanis, Kebabs and bread, and dance forms such as Kathak.

All major Indian festivals such as Holi, Durga Puja, Dussehra and Diwali are celebrated in Lucknow with pomp and enthusiasm. Apart from these, Lucknow Festival is a ten days long festival which is organized jointly by Uttar Pradesh tourism and Lucknow district administration to showcase the rich and unique culture, art and crafts, and lifestyles of Lucknow.  

Choudhary Charan Singh International Airport or Lucknow Airport is the nearest airport that is located at a distance of around 14 km from the city center, and has regular flights to and from Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur, Kolkata, Chandigarh and other major cities. Lucknow has several railway stations but Lucknow Junction and Lucknow Railway Station at Charbagh are the main and the nearest railway stations which are well connected to all major cities and towns across India via a number of superfast and mail trains. The capital city is also well-connected by roads and one can easily reach desired destinations through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles from neighbouring cities.

Lucknow is located around 90 km from Kanpur, around 135 km from Ayodhya, around 201 km from Prayagraj, around 238 km from Chitrakoot, around 298 km from Khajuraho, ,around 312 km from Varanasi, around 333 km from Agra, around 352 km from Gwalior, around 395 km from Mathura, and around 532 km from Delhi. The major tourist attractions of Lucknow are:-

 6. Kanpur – The Leather City of the World

Kanpur is the 2nd largest city and the bustling industrial city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It is nestled on the south banks of the holy river Ganges in the central-western part of the state. It is renowned around the world for its textile, leather and chemical industries. Being the leading exporter of leather goods, it is widely known as the “Leather city of the world” and has garnered the nickname as the “Manchester of India”.

Kanpur was believed to have been founded by Raja Hindu Singh Chandel of the erstwhile state of Sachendi, named it as ‘Kanhiyapur’ literally means the town of Kanhiya (Lord Krishna). In the course of time, Kanhiyapur was abbreviated as Kanhapur and then, during the British rule, the name of the city was Cawnpore which later came to be known as Kanpur. Many ancient texts suggest that it was named after the legendary Mahabharata character Karna, as it was also known as Karnapur.

Kanpur has been ruled by various dynasties and has made its mark on history. Later, it came under British control and served as an important British garrison town until India gained independence in 1947.

Apart from the main hub of commercial and industrial activities, it is home to the prestigious educational institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-Kanpur), Harcourt Butler Technological University (HBTU), etc. In addition to this, Kanpur is a perfect blend of the historical and the religious sites, architecture, museums, gardens and culture.

Markets of Kanpur offer many artifacts and classy souvenirs, leather products like shoes, belts, purses and suitcases. Like other cities in Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur celebrates several festivals throughout the year with utmost devotion and fervor. Some of the important festivals are Mahashivratri, Holi, Krishan- Janamashtami, Diwali and Chhath Puja. 

Kanpur Airport is the nearest airport that is located at a distance of around 10 km from the city center, and has regular flights to and from Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and other major cities. Kanpur Railway Station is the nearest and busiest railway station which is well connected to all major cities and towns across India via a number of superfast trains. The city is also well-connected by roads and highways from various cities and towns across Uttar Pradesh and its neighbouring states. One can easily reach desired destinations through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles.

Kanpur is located around 90 km from Lucknow, around 197 km from Chitrakoot, around 203 km from Prayagraj, around 221 km from Khajuraho, around 225 km from Ayodhya, around 365 km from Gwalior, around 275 km from Agra, around 331 km from Varanasi, around 337 km from Mathura, and around 474 km from Delhi. The major tourist attractions of Kanpur are:-

7. Prayagraj – The City of Offerings

Prayagraj, formerly known as Allahabad, is an important pilgrimage center that is located at the confluence or sangam of three sacred rivers namely the Ganges, the Yamuna and the Saraswati. It is renowned for its courteous manners and welcoming hospitality, just like other cities in Uttar Pradesh. According to mythology, it was here that Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, made his first sacrifice, giving the place the name Prayag, where Pra stands for “first” and Yang for “devotion”. The city is one of the four sacred cities in India where the largest Hindu fair- ‘Kumbh Mela’ is organized once in twelve years.

The history of Prayagraj dates back to the Vedic period and finds its mention in Hindu epic Mahabharata as Kaushambi, the place which Kuru rulers of Hastinapur made their capital. Thereafter, the region became part of the Delhi Sultanate and in 1193 it was captured by Mohammad of Ghor. Following the Mughal invasion, the Mughal emperor Akbar was impressed by the area and ordered the construction of the fort there, named it Ilahabad or Ilahabas which means ‘Abode of God’. The architecture, construction, and craftsmanship of the fort were unparalleled.

The city was renamed Allahabad by the emperor Shahjahan. It served as the provincial capital of the Mughal Empire under Jahangir’s rule at the beginning of the 17th century. Later, the Maratha Empire took control of the city which was given up to the British East India Company in 1801. It actively participated in the Indian Mutiny of 1857, which led to the British relocating Allahabad as the North-Western Provinces’ capital in 1858. The city served as the United Provinces’ capital from 1902 to 1920 and was a focal point of India’s freedom movement against British rule. 

Known for its historic, religious and cultural wealth, Prayagraj has majestic forts, spiritual sites, museums, gorgeous parks and the spectacular new Yamuna Bridge. The architecture, construction, and craftsmanship of the fort were unparalleled.

Amitabh Bachchan, who is widely regarded as India’s favourite superstar, originates from Allahabad. Since India’s independence, seven of the country’s fifteen prime ministers have come from this city, hence it is referred to as the City of Prime Ministers.

Kumbh Mela is a popular fair which is held on the banks of the sacred triveni sangam once in every twelve years in Prayagraj (Allahabad) with great pomp and fervor. During this fair, a number of devotees from across the globe visit here and bathe in the holy water. Every year in the month of February, the Allahabad Boat Club and the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department together organise a water sports festival. On this occasion, competitions for swimming and other thrilling sports like paddle boating, parasailing, cruise boating, and water scooters are held. The other main festivals celebrated with great enthusiasm are Mahashivratri, Holi, Ardh Kumbh Mela, Dussehra, Diwali and many more.

Bamrauli Airport is the nearest airport that is located at a distance of around 12 km from the city center of Allahabad or Prayagraj, and has regular flights to and from Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Varanasi and other major cities. The airport is connected to metros like Delhi, Lucknow and Kolkatta. There are multiple stations like Prayag, Rambagh, Daraganj in the city of Prayagraj but Allahabad Junction is the major railway junction in northern India and is the headquarter of Northern Central Railway Zone. This railway station is connected to all major cities and towns across India via a number of superfast trains like Allahabad Duronto Express, Prayagraj Express and many more. The city is also well-connected by roads and highways from various cities and towns across Uttar Pradesh and its neighbouring states. One can easily reach desired destinations through state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles.

Prayagraj is located around 121 km from Varanasi, around 131 km from Chitrakoot, around 168 km from Ayodhya, around 201 km from Lucknow, around 204 km from Kanpur, around 301 km from Khajuraho, around 472 km from Agra, around 585 km from Mathura and around 672 km from Delhi. The major tourist attractions of Prayagraj (Allahabad) are:-

8. Ayodhya – The Birthplace of Lord Rama

Ayodhya is an ancient and sacred town lying on the banks of Saryu River in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh that is renowned as the birthplace of Lord Rama, the 7th incarnation of Lord Vishnu. It is regarded as the first one of the seven most important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. Ayodhya, also known as Awadh or Oudh, was formerly named Saketa. In addition to Hinduism, Ayodhya also holds great significance for Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam and has found this town mentioned in their texts.  It is believed that five of the 24 Jain Tirthankaras (religious teachers), were born in Ayodhya including the first Jain Tirthankara, Rishabhanatha. 

Ayodhya used to be the capital of the Kosala Kingdom, and holds a significant position in the Hindu epic, Ramayana, which describes the story of the life of Lord Rama. The region was ruled by several empires and dynasties such as the Gupta, the Kanauj (during the 11th and 12th centuries CE), the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire (in the 16th century). Later, Ayodhya was annexed in 1856 by the British rulers, and they controlled it from the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century.

It is believed that a temple stood at the supposed birthplace of Lord Rama, which was demolished by the orders of the Mughal emperor Babur and replaced with a mosque. When Hindu protesters destroyed the mosque in 1992 with the intention of erecting a massive temple to Lord Rama, it set off a flurry of interethnic violence. Ayodhya also witnessed a terrorist attack at the site of Ramlalla Temple in 2005. In October 2019, a panel of five judges of the Supreme Court resolved the controversy surrounding Lord Rama and the mosque.

The legendary city, Mathura houses several splendid temples, ghats, and other historical monuments that attract countless devotees from all over the world throughout the year.

Being the city associated with Lord Rama, fairs and festivals dedicated to him are celebrated with great respect and pleasure. The most popular festivals are Ram Navami, which celebrates Lord Rama’s birth, and Diwali, which is celebrated to welcome the victorious Shri Rama who returned to Ayodhya after slaying Demon King Ravana. The other festivals and fairs celebrated in Ayodhya are Shravan Jhoola Mela, Parikarma Fair, Rathyatra and Ramayan Fair.  

Ayodhya and Faizabad are the nearest railway stations which are well connected to all major cities and towns across India via a number of superfast trains. Ayodhya does not have an airport but the nearest airport to this religious city is Faizabad Airport at a distance of around 8 km. Other, nearest airport is Lucknow Airport which is around 150 km away from Ayodhya. There are taxis / cabs or buses available from the airport to reach the holy city of Ayodhya. The city is also well-connected by roads from various cities and towns across Uttar Pradesh. One can easily reach desired destinations through regular state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles.

Ayodhya is located around 135 km from Lucknow, around 168 km from Prayagraj, around 218 km from Varanasi, around 227 km from Kanpur, around 272 km from Chitrakoot, around 469 km from Agra, around 531 km from Mathura and around 667 km from Delhi. The major tourist attractions of Ayodhya are:-

9. Varanasi – The Cultural Capital of India

Varanasi, also known as Kashi or Banaras, is one of pilgrimage spots for Hindus, lies along the western banks of holy river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh, India. This place is one of the twelve renowned Jyotirlinga and also is one of the Shakti Peethas. The city represents India religiously and intellectually, in the same way that Paris represents the political feelings of France. This holy city gets its name from two rivers namely, Varuna and Assi, which meet here. 

Varanasi is regarded as one of seven holy cities which grant moksha or liberation from the cycle of life and death. 

According to legend, Lord Shiva established this city as his abode. It is an ancient city which is also mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahabharata and Ramayana. 

Varanasi is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the World. According to historians, the civilization of Varanasi is more than 3000 years old. Lord Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon after enlightenment, just 10 km away from Varanasi, introducing the new religion, Buddhism. 

The land flourished until the 12th century, after that it subsequently declined for three centuries of Muslim until Akbar came into the throne to restore the city to its former splendour. In the 17th century, Aurangzeb once more devastated it. Varanasi became an independent kingdom, with Ramnagar as its capital in the 18th century. The British proclaimed Varanasi a new Indian state in the beginning of 20th century. Varanasi was incorporated into Uttar Pradesh following India’s independence in 1947.

The English author and literature, Mark Twain who was captivated by the mythology and holiness of Varanasi, once wrote: “Banaras is older than history, older than tradition, older even than legend and looks twice as old as all of them put together”.

Varanasi has numerous temples and Ghats that make up a spirituality blissful destination in India. In addition to these, it has forts, museums and fascinating markets. There is also an option for activities like Ganges boat cruise in early morning and watch Indian styled traditional funerals.

Varanasi is home to one of the biggest universities in the world which offer studies in Hindu scriptures – Vedas. It is also famous for the silk saris and brocades with gold and silver threadwork. Besides these, wonderful pieces of brassware, copperware, wooden and clay toys and antique designs of heavy gold jewellery are also available for shopping in Varanasi.

There are many festivals celebrated in Varanasi throughout the year with great enthusiasm. Some of major festivals are Ganga Mahotsav occurs in the month of October/ November for 5 days, Maha Shivratri, Diwali, Bharat Milap, Nakkataya, Drupad Mela, Panch Koshi Parikarma, Holi, Chhath Puja and Hanuman Jyanti.

Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport or Varanasi Airport is the nearest airport at a distance of around 25 km from the city center, which has frequent flights to major cities of the country like Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal, Lucknow and others. Varanasi Junction and Kashi Railway Station are the two main railheads in Varanasi which are well linked by direct train to all major cities of India like Delhi, Bhopal, Mumbai, etc. Varanasi is also well connected with other cities by road, one can take state-run or private buses that ply regularly from neighbouring cities and states or taxis/ cabs or own vehicle to reach Varanasi.

Varanasi is located around 121 km from Prayagraj, around 219 km from Ayodhya, around 249 km from Chitrakoot, around 312 km from Lucknow, around 332 km from Kanpur, around 393 km from Khajuraho and around 645 km from Agra. The major tourist attractions of Varanasi are:-

10. Sarnath – Lord Buddha First Preached a Group of Disciples

Sarnath is one of the four most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the world situated about 10 km northeast of the holy city of Varanasi, the other three are Bodhgaya and Kushinagar in India and Lumbini in Nepal. It is the place where Gautam Buddha after attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya came, and it was here in the Deer Park, he delivered his first sermon to his five disciples. It is also the site of the formation of the original Sangha and the establishment of a new religious doctrine. The name Sarnath is derived from the Sanskrit word Srangantha, which means “Lord of the Deer”. As a location of the 11th Tirthankara, Shreyamshanath’s austerity and death, Sarnath is also revered by Jains.

The Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who spread the teachings of the Lord Buddha of love and compassion throughout his enormous empire, visited Sarnath around 234 BC and had a stupa and other monuments constructed. Between the third century BC and the eleventh century AD, several Buddhist structures were added at Sarnath.

At the end of the 12th century, Sarnath was demolished by Turkish muslims. As a result of these, this place was the most extensive ruins among the places related to the Buddha, and then, it was rediscovered by a few British archaeologists in the 19th and 20th centuries. Following that, Sarnath emerged as an important Buddhist pilgrimage site.

Also known as Ishipatna and Mrigadaya, Sarnath is a historical wonder with many Buddhist stupas, stunning temples,  unearthed ancient monuments, and museums that provide visitors with a great deal of amazement due to their ethereal and calm surroundings.
Buddha Purnima is the most important festival in Sarnath which is celebrated with great gusto and zeal every year on the full moon day in the month of April/ may to commemorate the birth of Lord Buddha. Other, some of the major festivals in Sarnath that are celebrated with great fanfare and enthusiasm are Makar Sankranti, Holi, Diwali and Dussehra.

The nearest airport to Sarnath is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, which is around 25 kilometres away. This airport offers frequent flights to important cities across the nation like Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal, Lucknow, and others. Although Sarnath has a railway station of its own, it is only connected to Varanasi and Gorakhour via passenger train, not to any other city in Uttar Pradesh. Regular trains run from Varanasi to Sarnath and the other way around. Varanasi Junction Railway station, which is situated around 8 km away, is another option. After exiting the airport or railway station, take a taxi / cab or Bus to reach Sarnath. Due to its close proximity to Varanasi, Sarnath has excellent access to roads and highways. To get here, one can take a state-run or private bus that runs frequently from nearby cities and states, a taxi or cab, or their own vehicle.

Sarnath is located around 10 km from Varanasi, around 134 km from Prayagraj, around 220 km from Ayodhya, around 234 km from Kushinagar, around 241 km from Bodh Gaya, around 250 km from Patna, around 270 km from Chitrakoot, around 313 km from Lucknow, around 345 km from Kanpur and around 406 km from Khajuraho. The major tourist attractions of Sarnath are:-

11. Jhansi – City of Rani Lakshmibai

Jhansi is a historical city, nestled on the banks of the rivers Pahuj and Betwa in the South of Bundelkhand region. It is recognized with its courageous queen, Rani Lakshmibai, who is also known as “Jhansi Ki Rani”. She bravely fought against the British troops during the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. 

Jhansi was formerly known as Balwant Nagar and was a stronghold of the Chandela Rajput Kings. After the fall of the Chandela dynasty, it started to lose significance in the 11th century. But, under the rule of Raja Bir Singh Deo of Orchha who erected the Jhansi Fort atop a rocky hill in 1613, Jhansi regained its prominence. The city became the capital of a Maratha province in the 18th century, and then the Princely State of Jhansi from 1804 till 1858, when the region became a part of British India. After India attained independence, Jhansi was incorporated into the state of Uttar Pradesh.

A fascinating light and sound show is conducted at the fort that shows the essence of the life of Rani Lakshmibai in an elegant rendition. 

Apart from the historic fort, Jhansi has a palace, magnificent temples, churches, museum, lake and garden. It is also well-known for its beautiful glass bangles as well as intricate handicrafts.

The Jhansi Festival is a weeklong festival which is organized by the tourism department of the Uttar Pradesh State Government every year in the month of February/ March to showcase the art, craft and culture of Jhansi. Along with that, the Jhansi Festival promotes the use of Ayurveda for general health and wellness as well as the Ayurvedic medical system. Hence, the celebration is also known as “Ayurved Jhansi Mahotsav.” 

Jhansi is one of the 100 Indian cities that were shortlisted to be developed as smart cities under the Smart City Mission’s third phase. 

The most convenient way to reach Jhansi is by train, as the Jhansi railway station is the nearest station at a distance of about 3 km. It is well-connected with New Delhi, Jaipur, Agra, Gwalior, Khajuraho, Orchha, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and other major Indian cities through several frequent trains. Jhansi does not have an airport of its own but the nearest airport to Jhansi is Gwalior Airport which is about 110 km away and is served by regular flights from Delhi, Mumbai, Bhopal, Varanasi, Jaipur, etc. After exiting the airport, take a taxi or cab to Jhansi. Jhansi is well-connected by road to nearby cities through regular state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles. 

Jhansi is located around 102 km from Gwalior, around 179 km from Khajuraho, around 228 km from Kanpur, around 234 km from Agra, around 286 km from Mathura, around 297 km from Chitrakoot, around 316 km from Lucknow, around 454 km from Delhi and around 546 km from Varanasi. The major tourist attractions of Jhansi are:-

12. Kushinagar – Lord Buddha gave his last Sermon

Kushinagar, also referred to as Kasia, is one of the most well-known Buddhist pilgrimage centres situated in the northeastern part of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is believed to be the place where Gautam Buddha delivered his last sermon, left his corporal self and attained Mahaparinirvana in 483 BC, and then was cremated at Rambhar Stupa.

The current Kushinagar is identified with Kushavati in the pre-Buddha period and Kusinara in the post-Buddha period. According to legends, Kushavati was named after the son of Lord Rama, Kusha who founded and ruled the city while others believed that the name Kushvati came from the abundance of Kush grass in this area. One of the two Malla republics had Kushinagar as its capital. One of India’s sixteen mahajanapadas (oligarchy republics), which existed in the sixth century BCE, included the two Malla republics. Since then, it continued to be an important part of the erstwhile empires of the Maurya, Sunga, Kushana, Gupta, Harsha, and Pala dynasties.

Up until the 12th century A.D., Kushinagar was considered to be a prosperous capital. But afterwards, it was severely neglected and lost its significance. Archaeological excavations by Alexander Cunningham and Archibald Campbell Carlyle in the 19th century, which revealed the major stupa and also discovered a 6 meters tall statue of Lord Buddha, brought this ancient town into prominence. After independence, Kushinagar remained a part of the district of Deoria, and became a new district of Uttar Pradesh in 1994. 

Kushinagar is a town of ancient stupas, viharas and gorgeous temples that attract the followers of Buddhism flock here from all over the world, especially from Asian countries. The majority of these monuments were commissioned by Ashoka, the Mauryan Emperor. The place finds a place in Chinese traveller and pilgrim Hieun Tsang’s travelogues as well.

The most significant festival in Kushinagar is Buddha Purnima, which is celebrated with great gusto and zeal every year in the month of April/ May. At this festival, pilgrims gather to commemorate the three most significant events in Buddha’s life—his birth, enlightenment, and death. Other major festivals celebrated in Kushinagar with great fanfare and enthusiasm are Makar Sankranti, Holi, Diwali and Dussehra.

Kushinagar International airport is the nearest airport at a distance of 4 km from the centre of city. The other, nearest airport is the Gorakhpur airport which is around 48 km away from Kushinagar. After exiting the airport, take a taxi or cab to Kushinagar. Gorakhpur railway station is the nearest railway station which is well connected to all major cities and towns across India via a number of trains. The city is also connected through roads and highways from various cities and towns across Uttar Pradesh. One can easily reach desired destinations through regular state-run and private buses, Local taxis/cabs and own vehicles.

Kushinagar is located around 53 km from Gorakhpur, around 188 km from Ayodhya, around 212 km from Patna, around 224 km from Varanasi, around 234 km from Sarnath, around 293 km from Prayagraj, around 323 km from Lucknow, around 327 km from Bodh Gaya, around 414 km from Kanpur and around 425 km from Chitrakoot. The major tourist attractions of Kushinagar are:-

13. Hastinapur –  Historic and Religious Land

Hastinapur is an ancient town situated on the banks of the Ganga River in Meerut District in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has been witness to the majestic, grandeur and royal conflict of Pandavas and Kaurava. Hastinapur is a compound of two words of Sanskrit: Hastina which means Elephants and Pura which means city.

According to Hindu mythology and the epic Mahabharata, Hastinapur was the capital of Kauravas. After conquered on Kauravas at the war, Pandavas ruled the city for the next 36 years till the advent of Kalyug. 

Hastinapur also holds significance for the Jain community as it is the birthplace of three Jain Tirthankaras (16th, 17th and 18th), and attracts a fair share of Jain pilgrims every year. It is viewed as one of the sacred places by both Hindus and Jains alike. Also being the birthplace of Panch Pyare Bhai Dharam Singh, the place is also a center for Sikh devotees.

Apart from being known for historical and religious places, Hastinapur is also known for its wildlife Sanctuary which was established in 1986.

There are several fairs and festivals are celebrated in Hastinapur annually with great enthusiasm. Some of the festivals are Akshaya Tritiya, Das Lakshan, Holi Mela, Durga Puja, and Kartik Mela.

Hastinapur has no an airport of its own but the nearest airport to it is Indira Gandhi International Airport at a distance of 136 km. Meerut city Junction is the nearest railway station and is well connected to all major cities and towns across India by regular trains. This railway station is distanced at 40 km from Hastinapur city centre. On arrival at the outside of the airport or railway station, one can hire local taxis/cabs or buses to reach Hastinapur. This City is also well-linked by roads and one can easily reach desired destination through state-run and private buses, local taxis/cabs and own vehicles from nearby cities and towns to Hastinapur.

Hastinapur is located around 37 km from Meerut, around 126 km from Haridwar, around 128 km from Delhi, around 130 km from Karnal, around 154 km from Rishikesh, around 166 km from Kurukshetra and around 167 km from Dehradun. The major tourist attractions of Hastinapur are:-

The destination has a huge variety of things that tourists can experience and explore on tour to Uttar Pradesh.

• Explore the glorious Forts & Palaces

• Experience the allure of the Taj Mahal

• Explore the Museums & Charming Gardens
• Cultural and Religious Experience:-

• Take a Varanasi Heritage Walk

• A fascinating light and sound show at the fort of Jhansi and Agra.

• Experience Adventure Activities:-

• Indulge in boat ride on the Ganga River in Varanasi

• Take a tonga ride (Horse cart) 

• Leisure Activities:-

• Participate in festivals and fairs

• Offbeat to do:-

Rich in culture and religious legacy, Uttar Pradesh is embedded in the heart of India, and draws numerous tourists from various parts of India and globe. It is well connected to the rest of the country by Airway, Railway and Roadway, which make accessibility in Uttar Pradesh extremely easy and convenient.

By Air

Uttar Pradesh has eight operational airports (three international and five domestic airports) which handle commercial flights, while thirteen airports and seven airstrips are being developed. Details of eight airports are as follow:

• • International Airport – 

• • • Choudhary Charan Singh International Airport (popularly known as Amausi airport) – Located at Amausi in Lucknow, approximately 12 km from the city centre. It is the second busiest and largest airport in Northern and Central India after Indira Gandhi International Airport.
    • Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport – Located around 18 km from the main town at Babatpur in Varanasi.

• • • Kushinagar International Airport – Located approximately 47 km east of Gorakhpur. At present only SpiceJet airline operates from the Airport for Delhi – Khushinagar flights but soon more airlines will come forward to start the flights for new destinations.  

• • Domestic Airports –

• • • Agra Airport (also known as Kheria Airforce Station) – Located on the VIP road at Kheria, approximately 5 km from the city centre. The Airport is a military airbase and has limited civilian facilities. 
    • Kanpur Airport (also called Chakeri Airforce Station) – Located in Kanpur Cantt area of Kanpur district, approximately 14 km from city centre.
    • Allahabad Airport (officially known as Prayagraj Airport) – Located at Bamrauli, approximately 12 km from the city of Allahabad. It is a Military airbase and public airport serving the city.
    • Gorakhpur Airport (now known as Sri Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport) – Located approximately 8 km from the city centre. The airport operates under the aegis of Gorakhpur air force base and has a domestic terminal which can cater to 18 arrivals and departures.

• • • Hindon Airport – It is a civil enclave which is located in Ghaziabad, approximately 15 km from city centre. It is the second commercial airport in NCR after Indira Gandhi International Airport.

These airports collectively connect Uttar Pradesh to most major cities of the Country such as Delhi, Mumbai, Agra, Varanasi, Khajuraho, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune etc via direct or connecting flights. Lucknow and Varanasi airport operate domestic as well as international flights. The Lucknow Airport  is connected to international destinations such as Dubai, Sharjah, Muscat, Jeddah and Riyadh, while The  Varanasi Airport is connected to Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bangkok.

Upon arrival, travellers can avail of hotel shuttle, private car, autos, cabs or any other transport as per their convenience to reach their required destination.

By Train

Uttar Pradesh has the largest railway network with 430 railway stations which connect it through trains to major cities of the country. Prayagraj (Allahabad) is the headquarters of the North Central Railway and Gorakhpur is the headquarters of the North Eastern Railway. Lucknow, Agra Cantonment, Kanpur Central, Varanasi Junction, Prayagraj (Allahabad) Junction, Mathura Junction, Jhansi, Meerut and Gorakhpur Junction are some of the important railway stations in the state. A lot of trains such as express, superfast and passenger trains operate to and from these stations, and make it more convenient for travelers to reach as close to their destination. 

Upon arrival, travellers can easily get taxis, cabs, auto rickshaw and other transports from outside the railway stations. 

By Road

Uttar Pradesh has a vast road network, which connects it through National highways to the rest of the country. All cities within the state are connected to state highways. There are 83 State Highways with a total length of 8432 km and around 80 National Highways with a total length of 11736.8 km. There are also expressways like The Yamuna Expressway and The Agra Expressway that reduce the traffic load and travel time between the two cities.   

There are numerous privately-operated buses and state Government-run buses (i.e. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation), from local to Luxury, that ply at frequent or regular intervals from Uttar Pradesh to neighboring state of Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar.  Travellers from nearby destinations can opt to drive their own vehicle and also hire private cars or Local taxis to reach Rajasthan. 

Uttar Pradesh has numerous modes of transport for travel that travellers can choose as per their budget, preferences and convenience.

Airways

Uttar Pradesh is the fourth largest state in India and has eight operational airports, namely – Choudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Agra Airport, Kanpur Airport, Allahabad Airport, Khushinagar International Airport, Gorakhpur Airport and Hindon Airport. These airports are located near to the connectivity of tourist destinations in the state and travellers can reach them easily.

Trains

Trains are the most convenient, comfortable mode of travel between districts of Uttar Pradesh. It has an extensive network of railway lines; be it inter or intra state. There are around 430 railway stations in Uttar Pradesh out of which Agra Cantonment, Meerut, Lucknow, Kanpur Central, Varanasi Junction, Prayagraj (Allahabad) Junction, Mathura Junction, Jhansi and Gorakhpur Junction are some of the important railway stations in the state.

Uttar Pradesh also has metro rail in Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida, Lucknow and Kanpur, the state government is working on expanding the services to Meerut, Agra, Bareilly, Varanasi, Jhansi, Gorakhpur and Prayagraj. 

Local Trains and Metro are quite pocket-friendly, and best for budget travelers.

Buses

Uttar Pradesh has a good bus service system operated by Government-Run Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC). Apart from that, private operators also cater to the needs of tourists. Buses are inexpensive and available in most cities of the state.

Auto Rickshaws  

Auto rickshaws and shared tuk-tuks are affordable transportation next only to Buses. It can be found at bus stands, Railway Stations, and Residential Areas and at important places. This is a good choice for short distances or within city limits. Auto Rickshaws aka Autos usually charge by the meter and if charged by unmetered then keep in mind while choosing it – agree on a fare with the driver before the journey. The fare will depend upon the distance covered. 

Cycle and E-Rickshaws 

Non polluting cycles and e-rickshaws (electric rickshaws) are good for short distances or places which are too far to walk but too short for an auto rickshaw/taxi. It can be taken at congested roads such as the old town of Lucknow, Kanpur and Banaras in order to avoid jams. These rickshaws can be found at metro stations, bus stand and other important places of Uttar Pradesh. Cycle and E-rickshaws do not have meters, so decide a fare before hopping in.

Taxis/Cabs

Taxis are comfortable, convenient, quick and safer than auto rickshaws. This is a good option, if the traveler is alone or going to an unknown destination even though the rates will be higher than auto. They are easily available at the Bus stand, the railway stations, outside most popular hotels and other important places, for travelling to desired destinations. Moreover, most hotels /resorts also arrange a taxi for tourists on request. Taxis are unmetered so ask for the rate and negotiate with the driver before stating the journey.

App-based Cab services such as Ola and Meru Cabs are also available to travel within Lucknow and to nearby cities. Ola also has operations in Kanpur, Varanasi, Noida and Other major cities of Uttar Pradesh. Rides commence at designated points that are marked in their apps. Charges of Ola, Meru and other cabs have been fixed by their companies.

Foot

Every place of interest is not possible to cover on foot but a small locality can be explored in detail. Trekking and Village tours are also available.

Rental

Travelers also have an option of renting cars for exploring places of Uttar Pradesh at their own pace. A number of companies provide both self-driven and chauffeured cars for rental. Travellers should check out the credibility and past records of the rental companies before hiring vehicles. Rates vary according to the vehicle, the model, the season and how long one wants to rent it. Rules and prices of renting can also vary from company to company. Rental companies can also charge a security deposit and ask for submitting a copy of the driving license (National or International) and some original ID such as passport, pan card or voter ID which is given back once the vehicle is returned.